What is product hold-up?
It is product remaining in the machine path after normal drain-down. It can affect waste, cleaning time, cross-contamination and restart quantity.
Does stainless construction guarantee easy cleaning?
No. Access, surface finish, seals, dead legs, hose layout, removable parts and the approved cleaning method all matter.
When does the changeover clock start and stop?
A clear method starts at the last accepted pack of the old setup and stops at the first accepted pack of the new setup, including cleaning and verification.
Should cleaning be demonstrated with the real product?
Yes when the product is sticky, coloured, allergenic, reactive, high-value or otherwise difficult. A water-only demonstration may not represent production.
What should be dedicated between products?
That depends on compatibility and cross-contamination risk. Hoses, seals, nozzles or complete contact sets may be dedicated where cleaning cannot be reliably verified.
How is a restart checked?
Prime the path, remove air, confirm the correct recipe and inspect sequential fills until dose and presentation meet the agreed acceptance criteria.